VXLAN — Virtual Extensible LAN
Definition
A network encapsulation protocol that allows Layer 2 (Ethernet) networks to be tunneled over Layer 3 (IP) networks, enabling logical network segments to span physical sites.
Context & Usage
VXLAN solves the 4096-VLAN limit by extending the segment ID field from 12 to 24 bits — allowing 16 million logical segments. Used in modern data center fabrics (Cisco ACI, Arista CloudVision, Cumulus Linux), hyperconverged platforms (VMware NSX, Nutanix Flow), and SD-WAN overlays. VXLAN packets are encapsulated in UDP, allowing them to traverse any IP network.
Examples
- Cisco ACI fabric uses VXLAN with EVPN control plane
- VMware NSX-T uses Geneve (VXLAN variant)
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