RoCE — RDMA over Converged Ethernet

Definition

A network protocol that allows RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) operations to run over standard Ethernet networks, providing ultra-low-latency host-to-host data transfer.

Context & Usage

RoCE bypasses the TCP/IP stack and CPU for network operations — sender writes directly to receiver memory. Two versions: RoCE v1 (Layer 2, single-subnet only) and RoCE v2 (Layer 3, routable). Used in HPC clusters, high-performance storage (NVMe-oF/RoCE), and AI training infrastructure. Latency: ~3-5 ξs (vs ~100 ξs for TCP). Requires lossless Ethernet (PFC, ECN configured).

Examples

  • Mellanox ConnectX-6 supporting RoCE v2 100 GbE
  • Pure Storage FlashArray with NVMe/RoCE

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