FIPS 140-2 — Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2
Definition
A US government computer security standard for cryptographic modules used in IT products. Four security levels (1-4) with increasing rigor.
Context & Usage
FIPS 140-2 is required for federal government deployments and many regulated industries. Hardware impact: server CPUs (Intel AES-NI), self-encrypting drives (FIPS 140-2 validated), HSMs (Hardware Security Modules), TPM modules. FIPS 140-3 (replacement) is the active standard since 2023.
Examples
- Dell SED drives FIPS 140-2 Level 2
- Thales Luna HSM FIPS 140-2 Level 3
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